Skip to main content

Navigating Conflict: Sri Lanka's Economic Survival and Lessons for Pakistan


The Sri Lankan Civil War, which lasted from 1983 to 2009, was rooted in deep-seated ethnic tensions between the majority Sinhalese and the Tamil minority. After gaining independence from British rule in 1948, the Sinhalese-dominated government implemented policies that marginalized Tamils, such as the Sinhala-only language policy introduced in 1956. These measures fostered resentment and demands for autonomy among Tamils, ultimately leading to the emergence of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in the late 1970s. The LTTE aimed to establish an independent Tamil Eelam in the northern and eastern regions of the country.

Despite the brutality of the war, which included widespread violence and human rights violations, Sri Lanka’s economy demonstrated resilience during this period. The geographic concentration of the conflict primarily in the north and east allowed the southern and western regions, including the capital, Colombo, to remain relatively stable. Key industries, such as tea and garments, thrived despite the ongoing conflict. The tea industry, a major export, was centered in the central highlands, far removed from the fighting. Similarly, the garment sector benefited from favorable trade agreements, such as the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) with the European Union, which facilitated access to international markets.

Tourism, although initially disrupted, experienced a revival in the early 2000s when periods of relative calm attracted international visitors. Government efforts to promote Sri Lanka as a tourist destination for eco-tourism and cultural experiences contributed to the sector’s recovery. Additionally, remittances from Sri Lankan workers abroad, especially in the Middle East, provided a critical economic lifeline, supporting families and bolstering foreign exchange reserves.

The government also implemented pro-business policies and invested in infrastructure projects, such as expanding the Colombo Port, to maintain economic growth despite military expenditures related to the war. However, the conflict inflicted severe social and economic costs, particularly in the war-torn northern and eastern regions, where communities suffered from displacement, loss of infrastructure, and underdevelopment.

For Pakistan, there are crucial lessons to be learned from Sri Lanka’s experience. First, the importance of geographic and sectoral economic diversification is evident. Like Sri Lanka, Pakistan has areas affected by conflict, but much of the country remains stable. Focusing on bolstering industries in stable regions can help mitigate the broader economic impacts of unrest. Second, remittances can serve as a vital economic buffer during periods of instability, highlighting the need for Pakistan to leverage its overseas workforce effectively.

Furthermore, Sri Lanka’s ability to promote tourism despite the conflict stresses upon the potential for Pakistan to develop its own tourism sector. By enhancing security and infrastructure in key tourist areas, Pakistan could tap into its rich cultural heritage and natural beauty, attracting visitors and generating revenue. Finally, addressing regional disparities and investing in human capital are essential for fostering national unity and preventing unrest. Just as Sri Lanka’s neglect of Tamil grievances contributed to its civil war, Pakistan must prioritize inclusive development in regions like Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to build a more cohesive society.

The Sri Lankan Civil War, while devastating, offers valuable insights into maintaining economic stability amid conflict. By learning from Sri Lanka’s experience, Pakistan can focus on resilience, inclusive policies, and conflict resolution to foster sustainable development and avoid the deep scars of prolonged internal strife.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

‘From Nostalgia to the Flight of Rebirth’ (An Eagle’s perspective)

Trapped in chains of the past, my existence bound, Agony sits atop the zenith, where sorrows surround. My timid heart besieged in the valley of despair, Reality's weight overthrows courage, leaving it bare. No wish granted by God's creation, it seems, Wounded by the dagger of history, lost in dreams. Ages have passed since wings of glory were unfurled, Once bestowed with exaltation, now weighed on my world. Feathers heavy and stuck to my aged chest, As apprehensions cling, refusing to rest. Shall I praise the claws that once caught with pride? The ones that hunted with honor, no longer stride. Talons, once adorned with flair, have lost their might, A century ago they gleamed, commanding the fight. Veil lifted from memories, my conscience now aware, Of a sermon's wisdom, an elder's heartfelt glare. "Oh creature of God, flight is your sacred duty, The heavens await, your destination of beauty. Integrity holds you firm, preventing your fall, Answer the earth's cal...

A Historic Interplay: How Pakistan's Hockey Genius Shaped Football Glory in Argentina 1978

In the vibrant sports landscape of 1978 Argentina, a tale of unparalleled sportsmanship unfolded, intertwining the worlds of hockey and football, with Pakistan at the heart of an extraordinary strategic exchange. Amidst Argentina's hosting of both the hockey and football World Cups, the hockey tournament in March-April showcased Pakistan's awe-inspiring team, masterfully managed by Abdul Waheed Khan and led by the indomitable captain, Islahuddin. Their attacking brilliance not only shattered records but also captivated the world's imagination. The Green-shirts etched their names in history by becoming the first team to claim a World Cup title without a single loss or draw. Their remarkable goal difference of 31 goals (scoring an impressive 35 goals while conceding only four) remains unmatched, a testament to their sheer dominance on the field. Beyond the statistics, it was Pakistan's enthralling style of dismantling strong European adversaries that resonated globally. A...

A Leader's Burden: Jinnah's Personal Sacrifices for Pakistan

Few leaders are remembered not only for their political acumen but also for their personal sacrifices. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founding father of Pakistan, stands tall among those luminaries. His unwavering commitment to the cause of Pakistan came at a great personal cost, marked by sacrifice and solitude. Jinnah's marriage to Rattanbai, affectionately known as "Ruttie," was not just a union of two individuals but a fusion of cultures and religions. Despite the age and religious differences, their love was profound and enduring. Ruttie's conversion to Islam before their marriage symbolized her commitment to their relationship and to Jinnah's ideals. Their marriage was not devoid of challenges. Jinnah's relentless dedication to his political aspirations often clashed with Ruttie's desire for a fairytale romance. While he saw marriage as a solemn duty, she yearned for the pleasures of life. Despite these differences, their love remained steadfast, a beacon ...